Global Issues: Obesity, Inactivity, and Water-Crisis

Wellbeing is a valuable blessing that should be loved. Sadly, there are three worldwide issues that are devastating people’s wellbeing and murdering them. These wellbeing concerns incorporate inertia, weight and absence of safe drinking water. The positive side of these issues is the way that they are for the most part preventable through creation the correct choices and making a move. Because of higher patterns of stationary ways of life, inertia has gotten one of the basic current worldwide issues. Inertia is characterized as an inability to meet the day by day least physical prerequisite of moderate exercise.According to New York Times, around the world, 31. 1% of grown-ups are latent, from which 43. 4% of North America, 34. 8% of Europe, 30% of Russia, 30% of the Middle East, and 27% African. In view of these rates, it is sensible to accept that the well off the area is, the more latent it is probably going to be. Stationary ways of life have as of late been connected to n umerous medical problems, for example, coronary illness, Type 2 diabetes, colon malignant growth and bosom disease. As expressed in the New York Times, internationally, around 5. 3 million individuals kick the bucket from medical problems that are identified with physical dormancy; anyway relatively, 5. million individuals kick the bucket because of wellbeing worries that are identified with smoking. Tragically individuals don't comprehend the extent of the significance of physical movement because of the way that dormancy is as dangerous as smoking cigarettes. In the United States, idleness level is the most elevated on the planet, which makes it an unquestionable concern. The normal American way of life comprises of heading to work, sitting at a work area throughout the day, at that point sitting before a PC or a TV screen until nodding off. The normal pattern of this routine is a ton of sitting and almost no exercise.Although, fortunately medical problems related with dormancy ca n be effectively forestalled by meeting the base exercise necessity, which is a twenty-minute walk every day. Furthermore, concerning overall anticipation, legislative intercession might be important. A few models are to assemble more stops, advance the significance of activity, and set up money related motivations. Weight is another developing worldwide concern, which is characterized as a â€Å"abnormal or over the top fat aggregation that may weaken health,† which is brought about by a â€Å"energy awkwardness between calories devoured and calories consumed. As indicated by the World Health Organization, starting at 2008, there are 1. 4 billion grown-ups that are overweight, of which 200 million men and 300 million ladies were stout. Heftiness is the fifth driving danger for passings around the globe; around 2. 8 million grown-ups every beyond words to medical problems concerning being overweight or large. Some ailments are cardiovascular illness, diabetes, and a few sort s of tumors. All around, weight has been a developing worry, because of utilization of fatty prepared nourishments. Likewise, an expanded degree of dormancy adds to the developing number of corpulent people.The brilliant side of weight is that it is effectively preventable. On an individual level, heftiness can be forestalled by constrained admission of profoundly calorie handled nourishments, expanded admission of new produce, for example, vegetables and natural product, and customary exercise. The United States, otherwise called the fattest nation on the planet, has been doing combating with the developing issue of corpulence. The quick pace and occupied way of life doesn't assist this with fasting food cherishing society. American’s love for McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, and other cheap food joints isn't helping the fight with the extending waistlines.In reaction to this worry, there have been a few preventable starts, for example, Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’ s Move† crusade that means to show kids the significance of eating well and practicing routinely. By and large, corpulence is a quickly developing concern however it tends to be forestalled by the right activities, information and activities. Moreover, the absence of safe drinking water is another basic worldwide concern. As per WHO, hazardous drinking water causes loose bowels, jungle fever, ailing health, lymphatic filariasis, and trachoma.The accessibility of safe drinking water is the basic to remaining sound. The human body is comprised of for the most part water; subsequently, to remain solid, we require clean water the same amount of as we need legitimate supplements from food. The creating territories of the world have the most reduced accessibility of safe cleaning water due to insuffient administrative capital assets. Notwithstanding, clean water concern isn't constrained to just extremely poor zones, for example, Africa and Southeast Asia. Eastern European nations a re likewise experiencing the issue of not having clean drinking water.From my own understanding of living in Kiev, Ukraine, the water that comes out of the fixture is pigmented yellow and isn't suggested for drinking. There, the vast majority settle on drinking just filtered water. The uplifting news about the issue of perilous drinking water is the way that as indicated by the WHO, â€Å"89% of the world’s populace had some type of improved water flexibly. † In request to keep improving the world’s water gracefully, nearby governments need to put resources into fundamental safety measures to make the drinking water sheltered, for example, disseminating water channels, water jugs, and building ensured burrowed wells.Overall, the three momentum gives that are influencing worldwide wellbeing are idleness, stoutness and absence of safe drinking water. An individual can't be solid on the off chance that they lounge around throughout the day, devouring a larger numbe r of calories than their body comprehends how to manage and drink sullied, filthy water. Physical movement, good dieting examples and clean water are fundamental to our ordinary wellbeing; in this way, moves should be made at the individual and legislative level so as to spare and drag out human lives on this planet. Works Cited â€Å"How does safe water sway worldwide wellbeing? † WHO. 9 Sept. 2012 <http://www. who. int/highlights/qa/70/en/list. html>. â€Å"Obesity and overweight. † WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 <http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/>. â€Å"The Couch Potato Goes Global. † Well. 19 Sept. 2012 <http://well. web journals. nytimes. com/2012/07/18/the-habitually lazy person goes-worldwide/>. â€Å"Water-related sicknesses. † WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 <http://www. who. int/water_sanitation_health/illnesses/ailing health/en/>. â€Å"Water, sanitation and cleanliness. † WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 <http://www. who. int/g ho/phe/water_sanitation/en/file. html>.

Compare and Contrast The Two Wives free essay sample

In the play Othello the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare., there are two conspicuous ladies that catch and hold our eye. One is the spouse of the play’s gallant character Othello; the other is locked in to a conniving man named Iago. The ladies are a piece of, yet fill in as a little bit of what goes on in the play and which is the means by which the contention of the play at last goes to an understanding. These two female figures of the play can be investigated in more than one way. A vital aspect for understanding the two ladies is to comprehend their spouses: Desdomana is hitched to Othello, a general in the Army who is trusted with incredible authority by the Venetian government. Othello is the hero in the play, and succumbs to the controls of Emilia’s spouse Iago, the rival. Truth be told, Iago is considered by numerous individuals to be perhaps the lowliest character in the entirety of Shakespeare. In spite of the fact that he is Othello’s ensign and is accepted by Othello to be faithful to him, Iago quite loathes Othello. All through the play, Iago subverts Othello’s trust of Desdemona as a devoted spouse. Iago utilizes a large number of the characters in the play and plots in various approaches to control Othello, turning him against his better half when, actually, she does nothing to acquire the doubt that Iago makes Othello feel. Iago does such an incredible activity of this that Othello is inundated by envy, yet the situation depicted by Iago is an all out manufacture.. What are the contrasts between the flawless Desdomana and the excellent Emilia? Desdemona is of honorability and the spouse of the incredible Othello. Then again, Emilia is the spouse of Iago. Emilia is the house keeper worker to Desdomana, similarly as Iago is the Ensign answering to Othello. The two ladies have numerous changes in the manner they talk and act. As demonstrated, both Desdemona and Emilia are spouses of men who serve in the Venetian military who serve in front lines. Their spouses are the two officials in the military, instead of regular troopers serving asâ enlisted warriors. Be that as it may, Othello is the officer of the Venetian powers while Iago is basically something of a celebrated task kid. The revealing connection among Othello and Iago is equivalent to the connection among Desdemona and Emilia, Iago’s spouse. From one viewpoint, Emilia is Desdomonas property, fundamentally a slave though Desdemona is a lady of high respect and Emilia clearly isn't. This is exhibited in the manners that they talk and act. Desdemona talks smoothly and utilizes illustrations when talking, yet Emilia utilizes significantly more ordinary discourse, deliberate and average of utilization by the huge numbers of the lower class, normal for the timeframe during in which the play happens. For instance of this, Desdamona’s method of communicating can be appeared by citing her. She says, â€Å" Faith, that’s with watching; twill away once more. Let me however daze it hard, inside this hour it will be well.† (III.III. 11-13) Her assertion s are spoken with polish and reason and contain a lot of importance. Conversely, Emilia words express things in a substantially more typical way. Emilia says, â€Å"I am happy I have discovered this napkin; This was her first recognition of the Moor, My wayward spouse hath a hundred times charmed me to take it. (As an aside, Emilia is alluding to part of Iago’s plot to make Othello desirous); For she adores the token (For he summoned her she ought to ever keep it) That she holds it evermore about her To kiss and to talk.† (III.III. 17-23) Although Shakespearian, an audit of what she says is by all accounts more slang like than the proper discourse of Desdomona. This distinction in discourse represents the idea of their characters. Desdomona is extremely appropriate and even pleased sounding due to her respectability, and Emilia seems to be an unassuming house cleaner hireling, which is actually what she was. Every one of them utilized their method of talking in a way that is in obvious structure to their situations in Venetian culture. A noteworthy contrast among Desdemona and Emilia is reflected in their ethics. This is best demonstrated in their aim to be dedicated to their spouses. Desdemona has never at any point thought of connecting explicitly with anybody other than Othello, however sooner or later in the play Emilia concedes that she would be unfaithful to Iago in the correct conditions. It is in this piece of the play that Desdemona reveals to her dad. (Aside: Iago’s plot was to persuade Desdomona’s father that Othello had in reality seized her when in certainty he charmed her and won her as a perfect spouse.) Desdemona clarifies that she was not the slightest bit taken by Othello, andâ explains exactly the amount she cherishes him. â€Å"My honorable dad, I do see here an isolated obligation: To you I am headed forever and training; My life and instruction both do learn me How to regard you; you are the ruler of obligation; I am up to this point your girl: yet heres my significant other, And such a great amount of obligation as my mom showd to you, inclining toward you before her dad, So much I challenge that I may purport because of the Moor my master. (I.III.28-37) . In this piece of the play Iago demonstrates his low assessment of Emilia. â€Å"To have a stupid wife.† (III.III.32) This would talk about their harsh and deceitful love for one another, in light of the fact that the two of them are unscrupulous. On the other hand, this is the specific inverse of the adoring and trusting (at any rate at first) connection among Desdemona and Othello. Another divergence among Desdemona and Emilia is in the degree of development and their characters due to the differentiating educational encounters every lady has had. It would nearly appear as Desdemona and Othello are more guiltless and dependable than Emilia and Iago, a remarkable sly couple who couldn't be trusted by one another or by any other individual. Albeit both keen and taught people, Othello and Desdemona appear to be nearly naã ¯ve in correlation. Desdemona displays how innocent her thoughts of life and marriage are when contrasted with the twisted and egotistical considering Emilia. The last has been however a great deal and the peruser can tell she’s had an a lot more unpleasant life than the honorable childhood experienced by Desdemona. Given this upstanding foundation of character, Desdemona needs to respect and love Othello. Then again, Emilia and Iago have a degenerate relationship that incorporates doubt and hatred and musings of corruption and infidelity whenever given the opportunity. They clearly are unequipped for the love and the enthusiasm that Desdemona and Othello have for one another. It is demonstrated well here in the play that Desdemona appears to be ignorant concerning the universe of double dealing and lies. â€Å"O substantial ignorance!thou praisest the most noticeably awful best. In any case, what acclaim couldst thou offer on a meriting lady indeed,one that, in the authority of her legitimacy, did fairly put on the vouch of very vindictiveness itself?† (II.I.8-11) Emilia plainly states here contemplations and perspectives on marriage. â€Å"In truth, I figure I should; and undot when I had done. Wed, I would not do something like this for a joint-ring, nor for proportions of garden, nor for outfits, slips, nor tops, nor any frivolous presentation; however for all the entire world,â€uds feel sorry for, who might not make her significant other a cuckold to make him a ruler? I should wander limbo fort.† (IV.III.12-16) In otherâ words , Emilia appears to be available to untrustworthy and backstabbing exercises whenever given the opportunity. These two refrains of the play make it simple to see their diverse both their perspectives on marriage and their degree of development. Similarly as with most Shakespearian works, Othello is loaded up with loathe and love, rich and poor, and life and passing. Albeit significantly unique in their tendency, Desdemona and Emilia are still similar in various manners. They are both honored with excellence and both are hitched to military men. At long last, the two ladies it appears are casualties of Iago’s mischievous plots and them two kick the bucket subsequently. Be that as it may, their disparities are significantly more considerable than their likenesses. Desdemona has had an existence of benefit in the honorable class, and subsequently, she is increasingly modern, talks articulately, and is progressively appropriate in her self-introduction. Her absence of having had a portion of the cruel real factors of Emilia’s life does, notwithstanding, leave her fairly naã ¯ve in the realm of the naughty Iago. Given Emilia’s place as a slave in Venetian culture, it isn't astounding that she has a significantly more typical method of communicating. The imperfections in her character †her unscrupulous nature and her shrewdness †place her as an unmistakable difference to Desdemona. One last similitude is that, in spite of the fact that it has been referenced that Desdemona shows a specific measure of naivetã ©, both Emilia and Desdemona appear to be a considerable amount in obscurity to understanding the awful legislative issues and wicked moves of the bastard Iago. The two of them are tricked before they can prevent from succumbing to their demises on account of their spouses, the two of which are legitimately brought about by Iago’s scorn for Othello.

How Does Reverse Marketing Work

How Does Reverse Marketing Work Reverse marketing, a strategy that informs the consumer and allow them to be in charge of their buying habits is the new and improved way of marketing being practiced. Defined by Cambridge Dictionaries Online, it is an activity that helps people find and choose products and companies, for example through general advertising, rather than marketing to a particular group of possible customers © Shutterstock.com | pio3In this article we will look at 1) the meaning of reverse marketing, 2) the common uses of the reverse marketing strategy, 3) reverse marketing techniques, 4) benefits of customer empowerment through reverse marketing, 5) 5 reverse marketing tips to implement in your business, 6) what not to do in your attraction marketing campaign, 7) reverse marketing in three questions, and 8) taking your reverse marketing campaign online.THE MEANING OF REVERSE MARKETINGReverse marketing also known as value or attraction marketing is a strategy that encourages customers to choose companies instead of using forceful advertising techniques to get consumers to spend. It focuses on building trust and letting the customer come to the brand. By offering help, advice and relevant information, companies attract their ideal customers who view them as authorities or experts. Companies that employ this technique try to avoid coercion and to encourage customers to feel empowered and confident in choosing their products instead. Take Dove’s attraction marketing campaign for example, instead of using the you are flawed until you choose Dove method, they remind women that they are indeed beautiful as is, and that by choosing the Dove brand, they are celebrating that beauty, not correcting flaws. This reverse psychological aspect allows Dove users to feel good about their choice of beauty products that encourage acceptance instead of shaming.[slideshare id=16232457doc=reversemarketingpresentation-130129013223-phpapp02]COMMON USES OF REVERSE MARKETINGThough an unusual approach, reverse marketing has garnered success for quite a few companies because it steers people away from fear tactics and the feeling of being sold to. Of course, it is clear that consumers do not want to be threatened or told what to do and so this is an especially useful marketing tool today.Improve brand imageCompanies that feature advertising on their companies’ principles, social responsi bility and ethical profile create customer loyalty because customers believe they are not supporting a mass-producing socially reprobated conglomerate.Shun “coercive marketing” strategiesMany companies focus their efforts on hard selling to new customers and upselling or cross selling to the customers they already have, however reverse marketing focuses on enriching the lives of their customers through knowledge and education. They teach them how to gain maximum benefit from the products they already have and support them when choosing new or additional products.Cuts out “hard sales” and abrasive tacticsSales tactics push for the purchase of products designed to fix specific problems, but the attraction-marketing model enforces the building of relationships and ensures rapport so the customers’ needs are met.Build relationships with customersOnce the customer recognizes your brand or company as an authority, they do all the searching and find your product through all the h elp and advice you have offered them. This way through the relationship that was constructed over time, they develop confidence in your firm to offer them benefits and useful products or service.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]REVERSE MARKETING TECHNIQUESReverse or value marketing strategy comprises of three parts, first you have to be recognized by your customers, next they come to you with their needs giving you permission to contact them and finally you continue to provide value and information to them. According to a study done by International studies of Management Organization, reverse marketing is “a market strategy that seeks more explicitly to align with customers to assist them in developing their optimum solution in a given marketplace.” And below are some techniques to implement this practice.Tailor your product or service to your ideal customersCapture and respond to emerging patterns and customer behavior. A customer focused marketing plan looks at the product from the explicit views of the customer.Get their permission to contact themCustomers have tremendous access to information and media to be able to compare prices, company policies and features and performances of produc ts. By being able to accept or reject your marketing agenda based on their knowledge they will be empowered and feel valued.Provide value through follow-upIt has been proven that strong relationships with customers develop loyalty, profitability and lowered costs through high customer retention. However follow up just for the sake of completing a transaction and not for further value will cause a misalignment between the company’s relationship marketing goals and the targeted customers.Focus on customer success by creating more authentic relationshipsOffer more value through special attention to customers and their individual wants and needs. Help customers to make better purchasing choices by informing them of the benefits of the products they seek and the proper use and maximum potential.Foster knowledge and customer involvementMany companies gather customer data in a secretive and transaction focused manner, causing customers to be concerned about the possible misuse of their d ata and therefore become weary of allowing contact. To remedy this situation, a firm can offer a customer value in exchange for the required information.Encourage transparency in choiceBe transparent with your company’s offerings and allow the solution that works best for the customers to be used, even if it was invented by your competition. To aid in choice transparency, companies can use online price comparison tools, choice boards, and staff’s knowledgeable recommendations.BENEFITS OF EMPOWERING CUSTOMERS THROUGH REVERSE MARKETINGSustains brand values and positionEnsure the brand promise is to ensure customer success and solve their problems, while helping them make informed and confident purchasing decisions.Improves stakeholder valueOf course, profitability is always high on a firm’s priority list, so all actions in the reverse marketing strategy should ensure customer value, company profit, and increased value for all those involved with the company. By being transparent with details about commercial behavior, operations and company performance, all stakeholders including customers can develop trust and a collective sense of mutual respect.Builds brand development and alignmentThis can be achieved through forms of collaboration with all involved as co-creators of the brand’s value and therefore trusted relationships and brand establishment.5 REVERSE MARKETING TIPS TO IMPLEMENT IN YOUR BUSINESSProvide solutions by being a trusted advisor who provides solutions to problems your customers may have, they will choose to do business with you out of gratitude.Teach /empower your customers because teaching demonstrates your knowledge and credentials it shows you have the relevant information needed by your clients. Remember that your target audience will always need help understanding your products, so work with them to get the most out of what you advertised and promised.Use direct response systems to ensure follow up the use of various formats of di rect response systems will ensure follow up, and customer queries are not overlooked, thus enhancing customer experience and encouraging retention.Offer free products or guides- getting free guides or products such as samples will give customers a chance to try something they would not have otherwise thought to. And who doesn’t like freebies?Use the Internet â€" create a site, use social media and create insightful content that helps customers be more enlightened about your products. Don’t just advertise; advise them on a proper use, benefits, unique ways to use their products, hacks that will make their lives easier.WHAT NOT TO DO IN YOUR ATTRACTION MARKETING CAMPAIGNUse “Push” MarketingThis method puts products in front of customers using big ad campaigns and attention grabbing headlines and claims. Instead think if we build relationships they will come.Buy leads and spam prospects with advertisingThe old way of direct marketing often encouraged cold calling approaches tha t meant purchasing people’s information and constantly bombarding them with your offers. Instead let the customers find you through knowledge of your company values, brand positioning, and product reputation.Use scare tacticsInstead inform your customers and let them make informed choices on their own.Not deliver what is promisedIt goes without saying that integrity is attractive and so in order to attract new and retain loyal customers, do what you say you will in your advertising or do not include it in the marketing promise.Offer something that has no value to the customerMany firms seek out problems and simply create products to solve them. However, customers need more value than having one size fits all solution shoved into their shopping carts. Give customers value and you will gain their loyalty.REVERSE MARKETING IN THREE QUESTIONSWhat can we offer of value?It is crucial to the success of your company’s bottom line to offer value to your customers some of the steps to tak e to create value include: developing an understanding of what drives value for its customers.   It also needs to understand what its value proposition is for example what is the total cost, or as written in an article by Inc.com ,“in terms of price plus any ancillary costs of ownership or usage (e.g., how much of their time do they have to devote to buying or using your product or service?)” The article also goes on to explain a win-win price strategy and investing in your most valuable customers.Would you like to test/try it for free?Offering free products is always great for the recipient but if ill advised, marketers can end up offering free products with no conversions. There are basics steps to offering free products as a marketing process that will convert into new customers. First, find the right customer and ensure there is a need for the product. Then ensure the marketing team sets an end date to the giveaways or a set amount to keep marketing cost low. Be sure that fe atures included are listed for a limited time and customers are clear on this matter, so they do not feel baited and then switched later if they decide to purchase the basic product. Finally ensure follow up, ask for feedback and offer further education on the use and value of the productHow can we offer further and continuous solutions?From the onset, marketers need to be forecasting customer lifetime value to ensure they maintain long-term relationships with their customers. Customer lifetime value is the net profit a relationship with a customer will gain the company in the long run.TAKING YOUR REVERSE MARKETING CAMPAIGN ONLINEAccording to Martin Marketing.ca, gone are the days when companies could hide behind slick advertising and run shrewd campaigns that forced consumerism.  The Internet has been instrumental in building or ruining the reputation of companies and their marketing strategies via blogs, Google Reviews, forums and various social media platforms.   Through the use of search engine optimization technology, marketers can figure out what campaigns are attracting customers and therefore focus on those. As written by Martin Marketing the veil of shady marketing practices has been lifted and now customers are more vocal and willing to advertise for your company, be it good or bad. Some of the main online marketing platforms to consider are listed below, and businesses should bear in mind that in order to reap the benefits of social media a social media business plan is essential.Facebook © pixabay | SimonCreate a Facebook business page and post regular and relevant content about your product, program or service. There are three steps to building a marketing plan on FacebookAttraction build a Facebook community, consisting of a fan base and generate engagement with people. Supply your fan base with guides, how-tos and information that set your company as the go to source. Get to know your audience so you can market to their particular tastes and needs. And adding a Facebook Like button to your website will also draw many ideal customers who were already interested in your product to your page.Promotion use short strategic posts that are to the point and if you need your audience to take action then include a clear call to action link. You can even use contests on your page to get people to like and comment and therefore grow your following.Sales once you have engagement on your page, marketers can go ahead and sell their products. By engaging your audience, you wi ll know when to sell and what they need.Twitter © Wikimedia commons | TwitterMarketing on Twitter can be divided into 5 steps:Discuss topics outside your niche. People have short attention spans and seeing the same topic repeatedly will let them lose interest. A great tip by Jeff Machado, Inbound Marketing Implementation Specialist, is to have five other topics you tweet about on a regular basis.Apply buyer persona, David Meerman Scott has written a book on the various goals and personas of the modern buyer and how you can use it in your marketing plan.Search and ask questions daily to keep your information fresh and interesting and to get feedback from your target market over time.Answer questions and supply interesting and entertaining links daily. Bit.ly offers URL shortening services that will help to keep tweets in the 140-character limit and still reach your target market.Share one or more blog post, article or video per week with content that gives answers to questions you have asked and helps your target market learn and understand something that improves his or her life.YouTube © Wikimedia commons | YoutubeMarketing on YouTube is one of the easiest and fastest ways to build customer following. According to a study done in 2013, there are over 72 hours of footage being uploaded to YouTube every minute, and YouTube has been ranked as the #2 largest video site in the world. So how do you market on YouTube so customers come to you? Here are 10 steps.Create a channel with an icon, which doubles as your channel’s profile picture.Upload a channel trailer that will air to new subscribers and give them a preview of what to expect from your company.Add links to your website and social media networks.Add compelling and interesting content on your video to hold people’s attentionAdd call to action buttons so people may follow the links to your product or service.Add regular content-as you may have heard repeatedly in reverse marketing circles, “Content is truly king.” So engage your audience with interesting and insightful content.Get indexed on YouTube so you r information can be found easily.Add tabs and thumbnails to help your audience navigate your channel.Build your community, so your videos can go viral. Ensure that you engage, entertain and educate, to establish a deep connection with your followers.Cross-promote with other channels that are similar to your own. That way you are reaching your audience and even a bit of their own, while offering them the same benefits.Implement these steps for an online reverse marketing campaign.

Problem With The Electoral College - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2257 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? The Electoral College was founded as one of the four major compromises within the United States Constitution, founded in 1787. The founding fathers were at an impasse on the decision of who ultimately obtained the power of choosing the president- the citizens or the leaders in Congress? At the time, the creators of the Constitution heavily feared a dictatorship rule, having just obtained freedom from their former colony ruler and motherland, Great Britain, so they did not want a system that could potentially overpower the government with the slightest majority. To minimize this risk, they established a separation of powers with the various branches of government in another constitutional compromise to balance out how the government would function and delegate powers accordingly. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problem With The Electoral College" essay for you Create order To avoid the possible blow of majority-swayed elections, they created the Electoral College as a compromise between an election of the president by a popular vote of competent citizens and an election of the president through a congressional vote. There are five hundred and thirty-eight total members that make up the Electoral College. Chosen from the loyal supporters in either of the two respected parties, potential members are hand-picked by the party of every candidate. The number of electors has evolved over time to meet the number of members of Congress, with the addition of three electors for the District of Columbia, who is treated as a state in this instance for representative purposes. These electors are split up between the fifty states. The number of electors allocated to a state is dependent the number of members in its Congressional delegation: one for each member in the House of Representatives plus two for every staters two senators. With theU.S census renewed every ten years, if a state gains or loses enough population, it can also gain or lose congressional seats, therefore gaining or losing electoral votes. As stated in the Constitution, a qualified elector must not hold any office under the United States government. State laws can vary on the specifics of how potential electors are chosen, but the political parties of the presidential candidates for each state either nominate or vote on their slate of electors for said candidate. Commonly, chosen electors are long-standing, loyal party members who they believe will vote true to their party affiliate. This is because they want to reduce the possibility of a faithless elector, if they can help it. In short, every presidential candidate has their own group of potential electors chosen by their political party that will ideally stay true to their word and vote for that candidate if they win the vote in November. While almost all electors vote in accordance to the majority vote of their state, they are not always inclined to do so. There have been 157 electors in American history that did not vote in accordance with the staters vote- but this is not necessarily illegal. In fact, twenty-one states dont require electors to support candidates chosen by the state they represent, thus allowing them to vote whichever way they choose- and while twenty-six states technically have the legislation in place to fine those electors who choose to go against their promised candidate, the precedent of this punishment has never been sought after in the 157 faithless electors in this countryrs presidential election history. None of these electors have ever swung an election one way or the other, but the lack of accountability leaves room for dishonest foul-play if a close election came about. The United States has struggled with low voter turnout rates in recent history in the past century. When compared to other developed countries of the global north, the United States is quite sheepishly low on the graph with around 55% of eligible voters participating in the most recent 2016 election (DeSilver, 2018). Australia embraces a compulsory voting system, which stimulaters around 90% of the total eligible voter population to go to the polls every election. (DeSilver, 2018). The Winner-take-all system of the Electoral College severely degrades the political efficacy in our citizens due to the fact that the system does not actually value every citizenrs vote equally. When you look at the number of electoral votes given to each state, states hold different amounts of power in their residentrs votes. Less populated states like Wyoming, Vermont, and North Dakota get more representation per capita in the Electoral College due to their lower voter population to electoral vote ratio. All states are guaranteed three votes from two senators and at least one congressman or woman, which skews the weight of votes in the larger states (Petrocelli, 2017). More densely populated states like Florida, California, and Texas do get more electoral votes, but when comparing their votes to their population, their ratios show that they are in fact holding less power-per-vote than smaller populated states (Petrocelli, 2017). As previously established, the weight of each ballot varies on a state-to-state basis; depending on the ratio of voter turnout populations and electoral votes, the disparity between the weight of votes can be graphed and calculated to play to a candidaters advantages. It is no secret that the candidates know and use this information to their advantage when campaigning. According to FairVoters data analysis through their online Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, two-thirds of the 2016 presidential campaign took place in only six states (National Popular Vote, 2018) From FairVoters data spreadsheet it is also conclusive that a staggering 94% of all campaign events for this election happened in just twelve states. When you calculate the numbers for each candidaters campaign specifically, 96% of all Clinton campaign events took place in swing states, compared to a close 88% of all Trump campaign events that took place in swing states (FairVote, 2016). While critics of the Electoral College ref orm movement argue that the push for a national popular voting system would isolate much of Americans living outside of urban cities, the data clearly shows that an overwhelming bias is already taking place in our current system- and isolating almost all campaign events to these select battleground states. The Electoral College creates uneven values in American votes, and does not. The Electoral College is what the two-party system was built on, and it is how the system continues to be upheld today. The Two-Party System is yet another binary that has been forcefully normalized into our political identity in the U.S. Throughout history, with exception to the short-lived era of good feelings where the government united under a single Republican party, Americars government has been controlled by two parties at any given time. Since 1854, the two dominating parties have been the Democratic party and the Republican party. Red or blue, left-wing or right-wing, liberal or conservative- out of the vast array of political ideologies that exist in our day of modern politics, Americans have willingly boxed themselves in to a system where the only two parties of relevance not only offer a lack of choice, but consequently separate, exclude, and polarize people from one another. The complexities of our voting system are not only unnecessary and extremely outdated, but they are also a form of legal voter suppression, and is currently being upheld knowingly by our own government. When the Constitution was created, the Electoral College had it benefits for the time and size of our country. Today, with upwards of three-hundred and thirty million citizens, the nationally averaged out ratio of citizens to single electoral vote is approximately six-hundred eleven thousand people. A more direct method of voting is needed to adequately represent everyone who lives in the United States- therefore the proposal of an amendment to the Constitution to abolish the Electoral College and adopt a preferential popular vote system is in order for the United States. In every other elected office race in the United States, the winner is decided by who received the popular vote. From our bicameral Congress and other federal government positions to the local city council races, the candidate who receives the popular vote wins the position. For the presidential election to differ from these election norms solely based on precedent and tradition is not fitting with the needs of America today. Rather, it is lazy of our government to choose to keep something that doesnt work over making the effort to take a course of action to make a positive change for the future of our system. In a preferential popular voting system, voters would cast their ballots, numbering the candidates by their top to bottom preference in numerical order. If none of the candidates receive at majority of the vote in the first round, the candidate pool would then be narrowed down, and the ballots would be recounted by numbered preference until eventually, a majority winner was found. This type of system would remedy the unequal voting values between states, as well as the lack of representation of many citizens, including the approximate four million citizens living in the U.S. Territories that dont get to vote at all with the Electoral College in place. A more direct method of voting upholds the expectations of equal representation mentioned in the Constitution; the only difference is that the system in which we represent our citizens would be better equipped to work for the population size we have grown to. The Electoral College system was put in place at the time when the nation had just recently been founded, and its population was just shy of four million people. With a more direct system of voting in place, political participation will undoubtedly increase. When everyoners vote holds the same value no matter where you live, citizens will feel more empowered to use their voice and take political action. Voter turnout would predictably increase with this heightened sense of political efficacy. There would no longer be battleground states and safe states, which the names categorizing these states alone, in a subliminal way, tell residents to head to the polls or stay home. Conservatives living in historically blue states, and liberal-thinkers in traditionally red states would finally have a vote that holds weight. An even more astonishing realization would be that independents and third parties would now have a platform unlike ever before with the abolishment of the two-party system; g aining support and spreading new political ideals would be easier than ever before. The abolishment of this winner-take-all system would also unmute the votes of so many that have been silenced when even the slightest majority takes the lump sum of a staters electoral votes. No longer would states be considered swing states or safe states, because everyoners vote would count equally to one another. With that same notion, presidential campaigns would not be centered around certain areas or regions where more electoral votes were being held. Instead, installing a popular vote system would encourage all serious presidential candidates to spread their campaigns out across the country and U.S. territories, which would be reaching more of our population and connecting more of U..S. citizens to the election process. Too often in the presidential races of recent times, candidates campaigns are focused around where they can make the most impact: in these select swing states. This means that our presidential candidates purposely leave out areas of the country where there are dense concentrations of opposing political ideologies, which is blatant alienation of large populations of the country. The United States of America was founded on the values of equality before the law and a representative government of the people, by the people, for the people. To keep up and progress in this ever-changing world, we must be open to adapting and reforming systems that dont work as well as originally thought. We must critique, question, and adjust when things no longer work as they once did. It is also crucial to note that our country was also founded on values our country does not uphold today, like slavery, and was phased out in the thirteenth amendment more than one-hundred and fifty years ago. The United States is not the same country today as it was during the founding of the Constitution, and suggesting that systems be kept in place because they have met bare-minimum standards that work for some members of society does not mean that is what is best for all of America. Change is the only guarantee in our world, so we must acknowledge the flaws in these imperfect systems, learn fro m these short-comings, and strive to create positive reform that will make our society better than before. Works Cited Black, Eric. 10 Reasons Why the Electoral College Is a Problem.MinnPost, MinnPost, 16 Nov. 2016, www.minnpost.com/eric-black-ink/2012/10/10-reasons-why-electoral-college-problem/. If This Elections Like 2004, Trump Wins the Electoral College, Clinton the Popular Vote.CQ Magazine, CQ Press, 16 May 2016, library.cqpress.com.montgomerycollege.idm.oclc.org/cqweekly/document.php?id=weeklyreport114-000004887840type=querynum=Electoral College. DeSilver, Drew. U.S. Trails Most Developed Countries in Voter Turnout.Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 21 May 2018, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/05/21/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries/. What Is The Electoral College?U.S. Electoral College, National Archives and Records Administration, www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html. Two-Thirds of Presidential Campaign Is in Just 6 States.National Popular Vote, National Popular Vote Inc., 23 July 2018, www.nationalpopularvote.com/campaign-events-2016. FairVote, 2016 Presidential Candidate General Election Events Tracker, FairVote.com, 31 October 2016, online Microsoft Excel File. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/14Lxw0vc4YBUwQ8cZouyewZvOGg6PyzS2mArWNe3iJcY/edit#gid=0 Petrocelli, William. Voters In Wyoming Have 3.6 Times The Voting Power That I Have. Its Time To End The Electoral College.The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 11 Nov. 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/william-petrocelli/its-time-to-end-the-electoral-college_b_12891764.html.

A Guide to Cause and Effect Essay on Divorce Introduction Samples

A Guide to Cause and Effect Essay on Divorce Introduction Samples There are a couple steps which you can utilize to assist you draft a cause and effect essay. Cause and effect essays are a breeze to write, just stay focused and attempt to make impact through your words and through using evidence. Cause and effect is among the most frequent types of essays. Generally, there are 3 kinds of cause and effect essays. More often you will need to select your own cause and effect essay topic. A cause and effect essay is the kind of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a specific action or event. Make a list of potential topics that you would like to describe in your cause and effect essay. Writing a superb essay about cause and effect is simpler than it might seem. Unluckily, the effect of alcoholism isn't restricted to the abuser only but in addition, it produces adverse results on the family members and friends of the abuser. Adding children to the divorce creates a completely different collection of effects to the procedure. There are 3 common impacts on children, they're depression, behavior difficulties and financial hardship. Secondly, on the opposite hand, another effects of rise in divorce prices are positive consequences. Topic selection is critical to compose the most suitable essay. Do a little research in case you do not know anything about the topic assigned. Your topic needs to be based on logic and you ought to create a logical connection between the events. Once more, based on the content you've got to provide, the essay ought to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatly. Now you can begin your essay writing. Your essay has to prove your thesis statement. Don't be afraid to speak to our Essay Writing Service and skilled essay writers will gladly assist you with your assignment. Individuals have the opinion it owns negative impacts on kids and social development while some individuals claim that divorce is a pure phenomenon in your life. Divorce impacts the lives of the married couple in lots of ways, as they are now individuals rather than partners. In the event you need your customized cause and effect essay accomplished by a non-native English speaker, you will create that option and we're going to provide you with a writer best suits your writing needs. Usually, you'd be given a specific scenario in which an action occurred. Cause and effect is a typical approach to organizing and discussing ideas. If you'r e writing about World War I, for instance, mention the political, cultural, and historical aspects that caused the fantastic war. On the flip side, all body paragraphs will be similar in some manner. Conclusion plays a main part in receiving the readers impression in the event of essays. An effective Conclusion usually means that you are in possession of a well-developed comprehension of the subject. The ending of your introduction paragraph ought to be a thesis statement. Though divorce is frequently a psychologically difficult procedure, adults can cope with the consequences. Based on the childs age as soon as the divorce happens, is dependent on how much trauma that child will endure. Nonetheless, the rates of unemployment trend to continually increase as a consequence the divorce rates may also rise. Nonetheless, the rates of unemployment often continually increase as a consequence the divorce rates also raise. Divorce causes children to experience many of mixed emotions. She can put a lot of strain on a child and cause them to become stressed. She is considered controversial. She has become a considerable problem because of the reasons we have discussed above, and divorce has become a good reason to the problem.

Real Estate Data Free Essays

68. Refer to the Real Estate data, which reports information on homes sold in the Phoenix, Arizona, area last year. a. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Estate Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now Select the variable selling price. 1. Find the mean, median, and the standard deviation. 2. Write a brief summary of the distribution of selling prices. b. Select the variable referring to the area of the home in square feet. 1. Find the mean, median, and the standard deviation. 2. Write a brief summary of the distribution of the area of homes. Price| Bedrooms| Size| Pool| Distance| Twnship| Garage| Baths| 263. 1| 4| 2300| 1| 17| 5| 1| 2| 182. | 4| 2100| 0| 19| 4| 0| 2| 242. 1| 3| 2300| 0| 12| 3| 0| 2| 213. 6| 2| 2200| 0| 16| 2| 0| 2. 5| 139. 9| 2| 2100| 0| 28| 1| 0| 1. 5| 245. 4| 2| 2100| 1| 12| 1| 1| 2| 327. 2| 6| 2500| 0| 15| 3| 1| 2| 271. 8| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 2| 1| 2. 5| 221. 1| 3| 2300| 1| 18| 1| 0| 1. 5| 266. 6| 4| 2400| 0| 13| 4| 1| 2| 292. 4| 4| 2100| 0| 14| 3| 1| 2| 209| 2| 1700| 0| 8| 4| 1| 1. 5| 270. 8| 6| 2500| 0| 7| 4| 1| 2| 246. 1| 4| 2100| 0| 18| 3| 1| 2| 194. 4| 2| 2300| 0| 11| 3| 0| 2| 281. 3| 3| 2100| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 172. 7| 4| 2200| 1| 16| 3| 0| 2| 207. 5| 5| 2300| 1 | 21| 4| 0| 2. 5| 198. | 3| 2200| 1| 10| 4| 1| 2| 209. 3| 6| 1900| 1| 15| 4| 1| 2| 252. 3| 4| 2600| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 192. 9| 4| 1900| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 209. 3| 5| 2100| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 345. 3| 8| 2600| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 326. 3| 6| 2100| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| 173. 1| 2| 2200| 1| 21| 5| 1| 1. 5| 187| 2| 1900| 0| 26| 4| 0| 2| 257. 2| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 233| 3| 2200| 0| 14| 3| 1| 1. 5| 180. 4| 2| 2000| 0| 11| 5| 0| 2| 234| 2| 1700| 0| 19| 3| 1| 2| 207. 1| 2| 2000| 0| 11| 5| 1| 2| 247. 7| 5| 2400| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 166. 2| 3| 2000| 1| 16| 2| 1| 2| 177. 1| 2| 1900| 0| 10| 5| 1| 2| 182. 7| 4| 2000| 1| 14| 4| 0| 2. | 216| 4| 2300| 0| 19| 2| 0| 2| 312. 1| 6| 2600| 0| 7| 5| 1| 2. 5| 199. 8| 3| 2100| 0| 19| 3| 1| 2| 273. 2| 5| 2200| 0| 16| 2| 1| 3| 206| 3| 2100| 1| 9| 3| 0| 1. 5| 232. 2| 3| 1900| 1| 16| 1| 1| 1. 5| 198. 3| 4| 2100| 1| 19| 1| 1| 1. 5| 205. 1| 3| 2000| 1| 20| 4| 0| 2| 175. 6| 4| 2300| 1| 24| 4| 1| 2| 307. 8| 3| 2400| 1| 21| 2| 1| 3| 269. 2| 5| 2200| 0| 8| 5| 1| 3| 224. 8| 3| 2200| 0 | 17| 1| 1| 2. 5| 171. 6| 3| 2000| 1| 16| 4| 0| 2| 216. 8| 3| 2200| 0| 15| 1| 1| 2| 192. 6| 6| 2200| 1| 14| 1| 0| 2| 236. 4| 5| 2200| 0| 20| 3| 1| 2| 172. 4| 3| 2200| 0| 23| 3| 0| 2| 251. | 3| 1900| 0| 12| 2| 1| 2| 246| 6| 2300| 0| 7| 3| 1| 3| 147. 4| 6| 1700| 1| 12| 1| 0| 2| 176| 4| 2200| 0| 15| 1| 1| 2| 228. 4| 3| 2300| 0| 17| 5| 1| 1. 5| 166. 5| 3| 1600| 1| 19| 3| 0| 2. 5| 189. 4| 4| 2200| 0| 24| 1| 1| 2| 312. 1| 7| 2400| 0| 13| 3| 1| 3| 289. 8| 6| 2000| 0| 21| 3| 1| 3| 269. 9| 5| 2200| 1| 11| 4| 1| 2. 5| 154. 3| 2| 2000| 0| 13| 2| 0| 2| 222. 1| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 5| 1| 2| 209. 7| 5| 2200| 1| 13| 2| 1| 2| 190. 9| 3| 2200| 1| 18| 3| 1| 2| 254. 3| 4| 2500| 1| 15| 3| 1| 2| 207. 5| 3| 2100| 1| 10| 2| 0| 2| 209. 7| 4| 2200| 1| 19| 2| 1| 2| 294| 2| 2100| 0| 13| 2| 1| 2. | 176. 3| 2| 2000| 1| 17| 3| 0| 2| 294. 3| 7| 2400| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 224| 3| 1900| 1| 6| 1| 1| 2| 125| 2| 1900| 0| 18| 4| 0| 1. 5| 236. 8| 4| 2600| 1| 17| 5| 1| 2| 164. 1| 4| 2300| 0| 19| 4| 0| 2| 217. 8| 3| 2500| 0| 12| 3| 0 | 2| 192. 2| 2| 2400| 0| 16| 2| 0| 2. 5| 125. 9| 2| 2400| 0| 28| 1| 0| 1. 5| 220. 9| 2| 2300| 1| 12| 1| 1| 2| 294. 5| 6| 2700| 0| 15| 3| 1| 2| 244. 6| 2| 2300| 0| 9| 2| 1| 2. 5| 199| 3| 2500| 1| 18| 1| 0| 1. 5| 240| 4| 2600| 0| 13| 4| 1| 2| 263. 2| 4| 2300| 0| 14| 3| 1| 2| 188. 1| 2| 1900| 0| 8| 4| 1| 1. 5| 243. 7| 6| 2700| 0| 7| 4| 1| 2| 21. 5| 4| 2300| 0| 18| 3| 1| 2| 175| 2| 2500| 0| 11| 3| 0| 2| 253. 2| 3| 2300| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 155. 4| 4| 2400| 1| 16| 3| 0| 2| 186. 7| 5| 2500| 1| 21| 4| 0| 2. 5| 179| 3| 2400| 1| 10| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 6| 2100| 1| 15| 4| 1| 2| 227. 1| 4| 2900| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 173. 6| 4| 2100| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 188. 3| 5| 2300| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 310. 8| 8| 2900| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 293. 7| 6| 2400| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| 179| 3| 2400| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 6| 2100| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 227. 1| 4| 2900| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 173. 6| 4| 2100| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 5| 2300| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| How to cite Real Estate Data, Papers

Womans Fight for Equal Rights free essay sample

Settlement houses, which first originated in England. These facilities were created in response to problems arising from immigration, arbitration, and industrialization. In America, the settlement houses were typically available for medical assistance, housing, and education to immigrants in the areas surrounding them (Zoo, 2010). Later, with the help of advocates like Addams, they began to take on new roles and more issues related to social and economic policies and conditions. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House on the West side of Chicago, IL, in 1889.It was a secular house, as opposed to those run by religious organizations. As a more progressive settlement house, along with all the other things offered, Hull House provided more than just basic needs for its attendants. It made available many services such as daycare for single working mothers, an employment bureau, and access to art and other forms of cultural education (Zoo, 2010). As an activist, and one of the earliest social workers, Addams knew it was important for the people she served to have well-rounded experiences; these helped them to be more engaged, productive members of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Womans Fight for Equal Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One big difference between the Settlement house movement and other organizations like it was that the settlement houses took information about the poor and undeserved they were trying to reach out to, processed the information, and used it to describe the plight of these people to others (Blab and Aberration, 2010). This signified a major break toward the fight for social justice and the profession of social work. They were using facts gathered from their work in the population to create structured methods of helping these people. Through these groundbreaking research studies, public policies were eventually enacted.Because of this kind of work in Hull House, Jane Addams emerged as a great leader in the social reform movement. She fought to write and edit legislation about housing, sanitation, factory regulations, immigrant right, and child labor laws. Addams firmly believed that every person deserved his or her equal share of rights as a citizen of the United States. She allowed union meetings to be held at Hull House and was a member of the Progressive Party (Zoo, 2010). While Hull House is arguably Jane Addams most famous project, another movement she is Often associated with is the Peace Movement, which included the fight for womens sights. Once World War I began, priorities in America shifted. Addams remained focused, however, on her party, the Womens Peace Party, which she expounded in 1915. This party networked with other peace movements and their activists, eventually evolving into the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom (WILLS). This organization still exists today; it: Works to achieve through peaceful means world disarmament, full rights for women, racial and economic justice, an end to all forms of violence, and to establish those political, social, and psychological conditions which can assure ace, freedom, and justice for all. (Mission Statement, WILLS, n. D. ) Essentially, this means the organization fights for an end to war and violence, equal rights for women and all other minorities, and social justice. This mission statement was part of the code by which Jane Addams lived. Through her work with Hull House, the peace movement, and many others, she was able to fight against mainstream society. She advocated for the rights of the immigrants, the poor, women, and other minorities. All the work she did was for the well-being of those less fortunate than she. Her work did promote social justice.She was a vehicle for change and is still making a difference today, more than 100 years after her death. She spent the beginning of her life learning what she had to fight for, and the rest of her life doing it. Harriet Tuba is well-known for her efforts in the movement to end slavery in America. She is undoubtedly most famous for being a conductor on the Underground Railroad, a network of people who helped fugitive slaves in the South escape to the North and to Canada. She made the dangerous trip alone first, in 1849, when she feared she and her fellow slaves might be sold.Over he next ten years, she would return eighteen more times, rescuing most of her family and at least 300 more slaves. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for womens suffrage. (Sicker, n. D. ) Harriet Tuba, for most Of her life, advocated for the rights of African American slaves in the South. After settling in New York, she lent her voice to the fight for womens rights. Her advocacy absolutely helped promote social justice. She devoted her life, often risking her own safety and well-being to her cause. She was a true spokesperson for Asia rights for all. People deserved to be free from slavery, persecution, and abuse. She was widely regarded by many people in her time, and still is today, as an incredibly brave and exceptional advocate for oppressed persons. Elizabeth Caddy Stanton is most famous for being part of the Womens Rights movement. Stanton and a few other women planned and executed the first womens rights convention, from which the Womens Rights movement was born. She helped write many famous literary works associated with the movement.Some would say she was overshadowed by her friend, Susan B. Anthony. This was because Stanton refused to keep a rigorous travel and campaign schedule while her children were young; She wrote a great number of the speeches that Susan B. Anthony delivered. (Women of the hall , n. D. ) Another integral part she played in the Womens Rights movement was as drafter of the Seneca Falls Conventions Declaration of Sentiments, including the words, We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men and women are created equal (Women of the hall , n. D. In her wedding vows to her husband, an abolitionist, she insisted that the world obey was left out of the ceremony. Some of her earliest targeted rights applied to married women; women who were denied the right to hold their wages, to own property, and rights to obtain guardianship of their children. Elizabeth Caddy Stanton fought for the rights of, not only women, but all who were mistreated. Although she did not live long enough to see women gain the right to vote or the chance to obtain equal opportunity employment, her ideas live on in the people she inspired.Women fought for their rights with Elizabeth Caddy Stations words behind them. Her advocacy led to major shifts in social policy and undoubtedly helped promoted social justice. As she once stated, The prolonged slavery of women is the darkest page in human history. (Women of the hall. ., n. D. ) Due to the efforts of women like Stanton, that page has, for the most part, turned. Rachel Carson achieved notoriety for being an important part of the movement to limit EDT, synthetic pesticide, spraying on farm crops. She wrote her groundbreaking book, Silent Spring, which brought many of these issues to light.In January of 1958, Olga Haskins wrote a letter to Carson about the devastating effects that an aerial spraying of EDT had recently her on a private bird sanctuary in Massachusetts. Belly, 1 991) As Carson wrote in the acknowledgements to Silent Spring, that letter brought my attention sharply back to a problem with which had long been concerned. Then realized I must write this book. (Carson, 1962) As Carson showed in her book, the technology of the twentieth century often brings a variety of unintended consequences that can have profound and long-lasting consequences.Silent Springs most penetrating effect was informing the public of the true effects of EDT spraying. Carbons ability to make such complex scientific information accessible to a general audience resulted in a public outcry for more research into the use of chemical pesticides, leading to a series of hearings and the appointment of a Presidential Commission to evaluate the dangers posed by these pesticides. (Belly, 1991) Rachel Carbons intentions were the same as any social worker today who is working toward social justice.She not only sought to inform the public of the dangers of these chemicals, she was defending the environment as well. Before she wrote her book, no one knew the effects that these chemicals were going to have on the crops, the surrounding environment, or the people who ingested it. She came a strong advocate for social justice, specifically for doing proper research when finding out what will and will not effect people and their lives, and properly informing the public Of these risks.Also, she became a huge force behind the environmental movement, and protecting a nd preserving our surroundings. All of these women were driving forces in the movements they believed in, and were often ridiculed for their unwavering beliefs. Never dismayed by adversity, they were brave, persistent women who never strayed from their motives or ideals. Their courage to work toward social justice in mimes when women were just starting to gain their independent voices inspired many women in their own times, and still today.

Slideshow English

Slideshow English Slideshow English Slideshow English By Maeve Maddox Although I know they are a time-suck, slideshows with intriguing titles or photos often lure me in. The most recent to attract my attention was about â€Å"freaky coincidences.† Because the format was the kind that requires two clicks for each slide–one for the photo and one for the caption–I was ready to stop after the second slide, but the first sentence of the second caption prompted me to continue: A man saved the same baby’s life twice on accident. Always on the lookout for material, I felt I had found a possible source of nonstandard English, so I kept going. I was not disappointed. If the slideshow was created by a non-native English speaker for personal amusement, the numerous errors are understandable. If the captions are the work of a professional writer whose native language is English, they reflect a serious lack of revision. The show’s 14 slides yield 16 examples of nonstandard usage and punctuation. I won’t comment on punctuation. 1. A man saved the same baby’s life twice on accident. Although often heard, â€Å"on accident† is unidiomatic. The standard expression is â€Å"by accident†: â€Å"A man saved the same baby’s life twice by accident.† 2. In 1930, a baby fell out of a window and Joseph Figlock broke the land. The writer is thinking of the baby’s landing. â€Å"Broke the landing† would do the job, but â€Å"broke the baby’s fall† would be better. 3. In 1858, a man was shot dead while playing poker as an act of vengeance. Correcting this sentence requires rearranging phrases and changing as to in. The man was not â€Å"playing poker as an act of vengeance.† He was â€Å"shot as an act of vengeance.† Why the man was shot is not as important as the fact that he was shot: â€Å"In 1858, a man playing poker was shot dead in an act of vengeance.† Changing as to in subordinates the reason for the shooting to the act of shooting. Context for the next item: The man who was shot left $600 on the table. Another man appropriated the $600 and continued playing, increasing the amount to $2,200. 4. When the cops heard word of this [the fact that the dead man’s winnings had been used by a subsequent gambler] they demanded the $600 was given to the next of kin to the deceased. This sentence requires editing in segments. i. When the cops heard word of this The idiom is â€Å"to have word of something.† For example, â€Å"I just had word that our team lost by one point.† Two ways to edit the original sentence: â€Å"When the cops heard of this, they demanded† â€Å"When the cops learned of this, they demanded† ii. they demanded the $600 A that is needed to introduce the noun clause that follows demanded: â€Å"they demanded that the $600.† Without the that, the reader is led to believe that the police were demanding the $600 for themselves. iii. demanded [that] the $600 was given to the next of kin The noun clause requires a verb in the passive subjunctive: â€Å"The police demanded that the $600 be given to the next of kin.† iv. given to the next of kin to the deceased The expression â€Å"next of kin† means, â€Å"nearest relation,† usually of a deceased person. For that reason, the prepositional phrase modifying kin is overkill. If another phrase were needed to explain the relationship with kin, the preposition would be of, not to: â€Å"the next of kin of the deceased.† 5. In 2002, two identical twin brothers were killed on the same road, from two different accidents i. two identical twin brothers The word twin conveys the meaning of two. ii. killedfrom two different accidents People are killed in accidents. They die of injuries. They suffer from diseases. And, again, the two is unnecessary. We already know that there were two people involved in separate accidents. 6. Later, Ziegland went to go chop down the tree that the bullet was inside. It’s enough to say, â€Å"went to chop down the tree.† The idea of â€Å"going† is contained in the verb went. 7. Coincidentally, their father was in the same hospital from recovering from a surgery. This sentence is meant to convey the idea that the father just happened to be in the same hospital his two sons were brought to following their accidents. The phrase â€Å"from recovering† seems to mean, â€Å"because he was recovering.† The indefinite article is not needed before the word surgery, at least not in American English. Edited: â€Å"Coincidentally, their father was in the same hospital, recovering from surgery.† An American speaker would use an article with the word operation: â€Å"recovering from an operation.† 8. Robert E Lee himself showed up at the cottage to request its use as a formal place of surrender. The contraction it’s stands for two words: it is. The context calls for the possessive adjective its. Edited: â€Å"Robert E Lee himself showed up at the cottage to request its use as a formal place of surrender.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†10 Terms for the Common People

Massacre of British Army in Afghanistan in 1842

Massacre of British Army in Afghanistan in 1842 A British incursion into Afghanistan ended in disaster in 1842 when an entire British army, while retreating back to India, was massacred. Only a single survivor made it back to British-held territory. It was assumed the Afghans let him live to tell the story of what had happened. The background to the shocking military disaster had been the constant geopolitical jockeying in southern Asia which eventually came to be called  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Great Game.†Ã‚  The British Empire, in the early 19th century, ruled  India (through the East India Company), and the Russian Empire, to the north, was suspected of having its own designs on India. The British wanted to conquer Afghanistan to prevent the Russians from invading southward through the mountainous regions into British India. One of the earliest eruptions in this epic struggle was the first Anglo-Afghan War, which had its beginning in the late 1830s. To protect its holdings in India, the British had allied themselves with an Afghan ruler, Dost Mohammed. He had united warring Afghan factions after seizing power in 1818 and seemed to be serving a useful purpose to the British. But in 1837, it became apparent that Dost Mohammed was beginning a flirtation with the Russians. Britain Invaded Afghanistan in the Late 1830s The British resolved to invade Afghanistan, and the Army of the Indus, a formidable force of more than 20,000 British and Indian troops, set off from India for Afghanistan in late 1838. After difficult travel through the mountain passes, the British reached Kabul in April 1839. They marched unopposed into the Afghan capital city. Dost Mohammed was toppled as the Afghan leader, and the British installed Shah Shuja, who had been driven from power decades earlier. The original plan was to withdraw all the British troops, but Shah Shuja’s hold on power was shaky, so two brigades of British troops had to remain in Kabul. Along with the British Army were two major figures assigned to essentially guide the government of Shah Shuja, Sir William McNaghten and Sir Alexander Burnes. The men were two well-known and very experienced political officers. Burnes had lived in Kabul previously, and had written a book about his time there. The British forces staying in Kabul could have moved into an ancient fortress overlooking the city, but Shah Shuja believed that would make it look like the British were in control. Instead, the British built a new cantonment, or base, that would prove very difficult to defend. Sir Alexander Burnes, feeling quite confident, lived outside the cantonment, in a house in Kabul. The Afghans Revolted The Afghan population deeply resented the British troops. Tensions slowly escalated, and despite warnings from friendly Afghans that an uprising was inevitable, the British were unprepared in November 1841 when an insurrection broke out in Kabul. A mob encircled the house of Sir Alexander Burnes. The British diplomat tried to offer the crowd money to disburse, to no effect. The lightly defended residence was overrun. Burnes and his brother were both brutally murdered. The British troops in the city were greatly outnumbered and unable to defend themselves properly, as the cantonment was encircled. A truce was arranged in late November, and it seems the Afghans simply wanted the British to leave the country. But tensions escalated when the son of Dost Mohammed, Muhammad Akbar Khan, appeared in Kabul and took a harder line. British Were Forced to Flee Sir William McNaghten, who had been trying to negotiate a way out of the city, was murdered on December 23, 1841, reportedly by Muhammad Akbar Khan himself. The British, their situation hopeless, somehow managed to negotiate a treaty to leave Afghanistan. On January 6, 1842, the British began their withdrawal from Kabul. Leaving the city were 4,500 British troops and 12,000 civilians who had followed the British Army to Kabul. The plan was to march to Jalalabad, about 90 miles away. The retreat in the brutally cold weather took an immediate toll, and many died from exposure in the first days. And despite the treaty, the British column came under attack when it reached a mountain pass, the Khurd Kabul. The retreat became a massacre. Slaughter in the Mountain Passes of Afghanistan A magazine based in Boston, the North American Review, published a remarkably extensive and timely account titled â€Å"The English in Afghanistan† six months later, in July 1842. It contained this vivid description (some antiquated spellings have been left intact): On the 6th of January, 1842, the Caboul forces commenced their retreat through the dismal pass, destined to be their grave. On the third day they were attacked by the mountaineers from all points, and a fearful slaughter ensued†¦ The troops kept on, and awful scenes ensued. Without food, mangled and cut to pieces, each one caring only for himself, all subordination had fled; and the soldiers of the forty-fourth English regiment are reported to have knocked down their officers with the butts of their muskets. On the 13th of January, just seven days after the retreat commenced, one man, bloody and torn, mounted on a miserable pony, and pursued by horsemen, was seen riding furiously across the plains to Jellalabad. That was Dr. Brydon, the sole person to tell the tale of the passage of Khourd Caboul. More than 16,000 people had set out on the retreat from Kabul, and in the end, only one man, Dr. William Brydon, a British Army surgeon, had made it alive to Jalalabad.   The garrison there lit signal fires and sounded bugles to guide other British survivors to safety. But after several days they realized that Brydon would be the only one. It was believed the Afghans let him live so he could tell the grisly story. The legend of the sole survivor, while not quite accurate, endured. In the 1870s, a British painter, Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler, produced a dramatic painting of a soldier on a dying horse said to be based on the story of Brydon. The painting, titled Remnants of an Army, became famous and is in the collection of the Tate Gallery in London.   The Retreat from Kabul Was a Severe Blow to British Pride The loss of so many troops to mountain tribesmen was, of course, a bitter humiliation for the British. With Kabul lost, a campaign was mounted to evacuate the rest of the British troops from garrisons in Afghanistan, and the British then withdrew from the country entirely. And while popular legend held that Dr. Brydon was the only survivor from the horrific retreat from Kabul, some British troops and their wives had been taken hostage by Afghans and were later rescued and released. A few other survivors turned up over the years. One account, in a history of Afghanistan by former British diplomat Sir Martin Ewans, contends that in the 1920s two elderly women in Kabul were introduced to British diplomats. Astoundingly, they had been on the retreat as babies. Their British parents had apparently been killed, but they had been rescued and brought up by Afghan families. Despite the 1842 disaster, the British did not abandon hopes of controlling Afghanistan. The Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878-1880 secured a diplomatic solution which kept Russian influence out of Afghanistan for the remainder of the 19th century.

Last Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Last - Assignment Example This type of media is one where by the audience actively participate in gathering, passing and analyzing information. Their source and power derived from many people participating by contributing towards the media. Some examples of participatory media are YouTube, wiki, blogs, social sites and music or photos sharing Medias (Burgess & Harley, 2013). 3. Is peer to peer sharing of digital material illegal? Why or why not? Peer to peer sharing becomes illegal when copyrighted information shared without consent of the owner. Risks in sharing these materials may include, if you share protected materials by laws, one might download a virus or enhance a security breach. Violation of these rules has their consequences (University of Washington, 2010). 4. Name three societal impacts resulting from increase of digital media. Increase of digital media have changed the way people converse, study, and spend their free time. There has been increase in internet obsessions and many other cybercrimes through the internet. Digital media has also enhanced interconnectivity between people within various regions through social media and mobile phones easily (Healey, 2011). 5. What is the difference between usability and accessibility? Give an example of each. Usability refers to the friendliness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the user and how easy for one to remember how to use something. Example of a website, it should have visible navigations, which users are familiar with and followed with ease. Accessibility is an attribute in which everyone including the disabled can use, understand, and perceive the media with ease. Example is the use of audio, speech recognition, visual to cater for all types of people (Mifsud, 2011). Part 2: ESSAY ITEMS Answer ALL QUESTIONS in this section. Each response must be at least 200 words in length and must follow APA guidelines. Type your responses immediately below the questions. All responses must be supported by reference to the literature an d references must be APA formatted. 1. What is Web Technology? Define and provide two examples of web technology and where it has been implemented. Web technologies used in the web to create an interface for the interaction between servers and clients in through the internet. Some of these technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and XML. Many other emerging technologies that ease the way clients interact with information and other clients through the internet. HTML is an abbreviation for hypertext mark-up language, which is a language that enhances the production of material on the internet. Browsers interpret these HTML codes to visible information when viewed through the web. Cascading style sheets (CSS) is a styling language that defines layout of HTML documents. CSS covers all layout attributes in a website that HTML does. CSS provides web designers with all layout styles in the web and supported by most web browsers. Use of both CSS and HTML makes the content separate from the styling and this makes maintenance of websites easy and faster. Benefits of CSS that HTML are that, with CSS one can many documents layout is controllable from one style sheet and a more detailed layout control. In addition, different designs of materials are different with many advanced techniques. CSS and HTML are the basics of any website in that; all websites designed use these two web technologies (Bangia, 2006). 2. How has digitization changed the manner in which society consumes information? Digitization has brought about many changes

Language developmental pathways in middle school age Essay

Language developmental pathways in middle school age - Essay Example Middle school level education is an important factor which influences language and communication skills. Middle schools are schools that group students between the ages of 10 and 14. In some parts of the country, children from fifth to ninth grades are grouped together; in other parts, seventh- and eighth-graders are in one school. One of the most common middle school arrangements groups children from sixth to eighth grades.   As children grow they experience physical, intellectual, and emotional changes. The way they learn, feel, see the world, and relate to other people becomes different from when they were younger. It is from this age that a strong foundation for communication skill must be provided. Most parents feel Parents feel that athletics can teach their youngsters how to compete with others and also how to function as part of a team. There is, however, another activity which can help young children learn to be part of a team but which places less emphasis on competition and which is, in addition, less gender specific than athletics. That activity is debate. Debate is one of the ways that boosts up communication skills and way of expressing one’s views authentically. The main aims of conducting debates are enhancements of critical thinking, academic advancement and development and promotion of communication skills. A single topic is distributed among two or more groups in which some groups support the topic while the others would oppose it by expressing their views on that topic. Sodikaw (1985) believes that debate helps students develop the emotional maturity to win and lose graciously; acquire the social skills necessary to work with a colleague and compete against other students; and use spoken English in an increasingly sophisticated way. Huston (1985) stresses that the student should be encouraged to become adaptable to many different styles of communication. McClain (1989) argues that debate should be seen as a cooperative rather than a competitive endeavor. Some educators feel that debate should become more audience centered and focused on community issues rather than on tournaments (Stepp, 1989). Many college students who are involved in debate feel that the emphasis on tournament debating makes them too argumentative in everyday life. For younger children, a focus on developing communication skills rather than on competition in debate fosters attitudes of open-mindedness, fairness, and tolerance for the viewpoints of others. (Atwater, 1984) . The other way would be conducting speeches courses. A topic would be given and the student would be asked to prepare on it and deliver the speech. This not only increases knowledge regarding the topic but also removes

The revenues and profits of TESCO

The revenues and profits of TESCO Tesco Plc is the third largest retailer in the world in terms of revenues and second largest in terms of profits. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco ). Tesco is a conglomerate business which offers alternative goods and services such as food, insurance, banking, fuel, online shopping-through its subsidiary Tesco.com, optician, mobile, clothing etc. Tesco has designed various outlets to meet different customers needs. The United Kingdom (UK) is the companys largest market. Tesco operate under four banners namely Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Retail analysts have identified three main reasons for this. Tescos are everywhere; Sell to everyone; Sell everything Tesco has a market share of 30% in the UK according to the data from TNS world panel. Tescos market share is double than its closest competitor Asda Supermarket which has a market share of 17% in UK. In UK there are more than 2280 stores and internationally it has 2077 stores. Around 469,000 staff work for Tesco and about 283,000 of them work in UK. Tesco almost has sixteen and half million club card members in UK and twenty million outside the UK, in nine countries across the globe. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/21/tesco-facts). Tesco have stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, Malaysia and Thailand. Tesco was set up in 1919 by Jack Cohen and is now the biggest private sector employer in the UK. Tescos first store was open in 1929 Burnt oak in Edgware. Since overtime the company is growing and developing and responding to the dynamic environment. Tescos main competitors are Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrisons TESCOS VALUES The core value of Tesco is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Our success depends on people; the people who shop with and the people who work with us. No one tries harder for customer: (understand customers, be first to meet their needs, act responsibly for our communities) Treat people as we like to be treated. (Work as a team, trust and respect for each other, listen, support and say thank you share knowledge and experience) All the above mentioned in Tescos Every little Helps Strategy. (www.tescoplc/ourvalues) Tescos planning process runs each year on a quarterly basis in May, August and November, which helps to adjust staffing level and recruit new staffs when necessary. This allows Tesco to get sufficient time and flexibility to meet the demands for staffs and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives, for example open new stores and maintain customer service levels. The organization applies Maslows theory of motivation to internally motivate esteems needs of their employees by recognizing the importance of motivating their staff to progress their career within the company. Tesco practice of so called talent planning which will encourage people to work their way through, on the steps that will help the organization achieve its business goals and employees to achieve their personal and career goals. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyrecruitment-selection132-323-2.php) Goals and objectives of the organization The goals and objectives of a company is what the company hopes to achieve in a specific time period. It is the reason for the existence of the organization; it is what drives the organization, the employees and management in their day to day activities. Tescos goals and objectives are: 1. To maximize sales 2. To grow and maintain the number one retail company in the United Kingdom 3. Tesco wants to outshine their competitors and remain the market leader 4. The main aim of Tesco is to maximize profit 5. To provide goods/services that is cheap and affordable to consumers or the public (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_aims_and_objectives_of_Tesco) According to Tesco their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They further go on to state that their success depends on people, both those who shop with and work with them. As Britains largest retailer and the number three in the world, Tesco endeavors to meet their lofty objectives by providing their customers with excellent value for their money with highly competitive prices and top notch customer service. Ultimately by pleasing, their customer and capturing their business for life, this will make them a highly profitable business and in turn also please their shareholders. The aims and objectives of Tesco are based on product, price, place and public. Tesco place is a wide supermarket chain and is one of the biggest in the world. Inclusive in its general aims is also the need for survival and meeting stake holders needs. Subtly underlying all of Tescos beliefs, values, policies and practices is the aim to retain loyal customers. Tesco has captured this in their mission statement, which says to Retain Loyal People. In order to achieve this goal Tesco gives out club cards to its customers and gives them points anytime they come shopping. Organizations structure and design The purpose of organizational structure is to define the protocols, parameters and the procedural process necessary for a group to achieve the organizational objectives. In many organizations structure is a communication channel through which information is passed. No one structure is the best one. Structure will depend on the organization size, when the organization is big it has to have a formal organizational structure. Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organizations and among members of the organization. Structure of the organization does not only affects productivity and economic efficiency but it also increases the morale and job satisfaction of the employs. Drucker (1989) stated that good organization structure does not by itself produce good performance. But a poor organization structure makes good performance impossible, no matter how good the individual managers may be. To improve organization structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦will therefore always improve performance. Importance of good structure is emphasized by child as the allocation of responsibilities, the grouping of functions, decision-making, coordination, control and reward all these are the fundamental requirements for the continued operation of an organization. The quality of an organizations structure will affect how well these requirements are met. Child (1988). Mannud (1999) emphasized that organizational design is a key feature for allowing an individual to achieve their personal needs as well as objective of the organization. The structure and design of an organization will determine if the goals of the organization and that of the work force would be achieved. The organizational design provides a framework within which the individual and group can work effectively in order to meet collective goals. The various types of organizational structure includes flat, hierarchical, functional, divisional, matrix among others. Some organizations may use one or a combination of two structures to run the organization more smoothly depending on the size and situation of the organization. In our research we discovered that Tesco use a combination of both the flat (decentralization) and hierarchical structure to run the organization effectively. Decentralization structure is mainly used when the organization is big in size and is geographical separated from different parts of the organizations. Decentralization is integrated with empowerment and delegation which brings about autonomy in the organizations. Source http://www.learnmanagement2.com/flat%20structure.htm Hierarchical structure has a various levels within the organization; each level is one above the other. Each level in the hierarchy structure has different levels of power, management and authority. A hierarchy structure defines roles of each employee within the organizations and their relationship with other employees. Source http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Virtual-Organizations.html Tesco have two organizational structures; one for the company as a whole, which is hierarchical structure, with just six levels between chief executives and the check out staffs. The other structure is flat (decentralization) structure used in each of their stores. The store structured used by Tesco is very easy to understand as it clearly shows control of each level and because of its simplicity it allows employees to see who is in charge of each department or who their department or line managers are. Impacts of the structured used by Tesco Regardless of what form of structure is adopted, whether hierarchical, flat or matrix, it has an impact on the organizational effectiveness. There is no one best structure to use but rather it depends on the organization size and situation that meets the need of the organization in order to achieve its goals and objectives. A clear organizational design and the establishment of a strong organizational structure can increase or maximize a companys effectiveness. Impacts of the hierarchical structure on Tesco In the hierarchical structure it is easy to implement a common policy in the organizations, as a whole and it provides a consistent strategy throughout the organization. This structure helps to improve economies of scale and reduce management cost. Hierarchical structure encourages greater use of specialization and improved decision making as the instructions comes from the top authority. According to McGregor (1960), Theory of X, where workers are seen as rational economic individuals, people are naturally lazy and have an inherent dislike of work. The average person avoids responsibility, prefers to be directed. Therefore, most people must be controlled, directed, coerced and threatened with punishment in order to enable organization to achieve its goals. On the other hand, the hierarchical organizational structure can have adverse effect on the organizations effectiveness. Organizations can be bureaucratic and respond slowly to changing customer needs and the market within which the organization operates. The decision making will be slow which will affect the organization. The hierarchical structure restricts personal growth and self- realization which will lead to failure, frustration and conflicts. Communication across various sections can be poor especially horizontal communication. The hierarchical structure also leads to low motivation and morale. This is because there is not enough delegation. Lack of clarity and relevant, timely information to the right people and inadequate procedures for revaluation of past decision can lead to late and inappropriate decision. Impacts of decentralized structure of TESCO; Decentralized organization structure makes manager feel more comfortable at his position and will be able to take decisions with ease. Staffs will have more responsibilities which will empower them in decision making and in turn will motivate employees and increase productivity. It creates improved communication between staff and management. It also enables the staff to judge the situation within their working environment thereby expanding their knowledge and experience. In this structure top bottom chain of command is short but on the other hand Span of control is much wider than others which will improve the efficiency of organization. Decentralization structure can limit the business growth. When there is any change which needs to be implemented, employees will not fully accept it and will take a long time before it will be fully embraced by the whole organization. At times employees have more than one manager, this often obstruct the performance of an organization because managers want to apply different methods according to their own finding or ideas, so it becomes a barrier in a way of proper communication among the staff and their superiors. The internal and external environment in which the organization is operating INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS OF TESCO PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. Its purpose is to assess the industry in which an organization operates. Examples of each factor are: Political Tax policies, Trade restrictions, Tariffs. Economic Economic growth, Interest rates, Inflation rates. Sociological Culture, Health consciousness, Age distribution. Technological Ecological aspects, Research and development, rate of technological change. Legal Health and safety laws, Consumer laws and regulations. Environmental Recycling policies, pollution. Due to the nature of the Tescos organization with particular reference to how it has branded and marketed itself, and the current economic climate, the assessment of external factors by a PESTEL analysis has been crucial in Tescos success. This is because Tesco has taken into account the implications for consumers, employees, stakeholders, associated organizations and the companys mission statement. Political factor: Politically, the credit crunch may lead to higher numbers of unemployment. As one of the largest and fastest growing retailers more jobs will be available with Tesco therefore helping to reduce the levels of unemployment. As Tesco is an international organization having stores in several countries, thus Tesco will be influenced by the political and legislative conditions of those countries, including European Union. Government encourages retailers to provide a mixture of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs under employment legislations. Tesco employs large numbers of, students, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to affect demand, costs, prices and profits. On the economy side one of the most influential factor is the unemployment rate, which reduces the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand for such goods to be produced. These factors are largely beyond the control of the company, but its performance and marketing mix is profound. Although Tescos international business is still growing, but still it is highly depended on the UK market. Tesco controlled 30.8% of the UK grocery market as of May 2009 and 9% of the UK non-food retail market. The majority of its sales and profits are generated in its 2,282 UK stores, which are segmented into the following formats: Tesco Express neighbourhood convenience store that focuses on fresh products, 961 stores Tesco Metro city centre convenience store,174 stores Tesco Superstore conventional supermarket, 448 stores Tesco Extra hypermarket that serves an entire community, 177 stores Tesco Home plus and One-Stop account for its remaining stores The company also sells general merchandise through Tesco Direct; its online and catalogue businesses. Tescos strategy of following the shopper remains more relevant now than ever, and this has helped the business to move into 2010 on the front foot, following strong trading over the key Christmas period. Having increased UK sales by  £3.6bn last year, Tesco remains heavily focused on delivering growth, offering significant scale opportunities across its estate. And with Tesco now seeing signs of wider economic recovery coming through, the retailer is targeting significant growth ahead. Club card is attracting new shoppers to Tesco stores, while the proposition is being reinforced in-store as new range initiatives are developed. Add to this an ambitious expansion plan for the UK and a growing international opportunity for suppliers, and the attraction of Tesco as a retailer account grows further. Tescos has reported a pre -tax profit of  £1.6m in half year and sales were boosted by strong Asian sales. Sales growth is UK has increased by 5% in contrast to Asia in the past three months. Overall Tescos sales grew by 8.3% to  £32.9bn. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11474282) Tesco has also announced to hire 16,000 new staffs this year, out of which 9,000 will be hired in UK. Sociological factors: The Sociological aspect of the PESTEL analysis for Tesco involves considerations such as the increase in immigration of Eastern Europeans or increase in young professionals. Change in customers taste and preferences have to be considered when carrying out strategic analysis. Current trends show that customers have begun to move to one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to changes in society. Naturally there is always a demand for new product, hence Tesco have to offer a range of products for their customers to choose from. Due to demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home cooking means that UK retailers need to also focus on value added products and services. As the awareness of organic product grows customers are now buying more organic foods, TESCO has the largest share of organic product sales, selling over 1200 organic product lines. Technological factors: Technological factors which have perhaps had the most impact on Tesco have been the growth in the use of the internet. When new technologies are introduced in the business, it benefits both the customers and the company thus increasing customer satisfaction because commodities are readily available. The TESCO website, www.tesco.com is the largest online supermarket in the world. Tesco stores uses following technologies: Wireless devices Radio Frequency Identification Self check-out machine Intelligent Scale Electronic shelf labelling The use of Electronic Point of Sale (Epos), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier. Finch, (2004). They have capitalized on the use of online shopping and provide a delivery service through their website at www.tesco.com. Customers can now shop without physically going to the stores; hence they are able to retain this clichà © of customers who have little time to go in stores. Through the use of extranet system Tescos communication flow between the company and its business partners is very effective and hence facilitates collaborative relationship. Tescos investment into technology like wireless devices, intelligent scale, and electronic shelf labelling, self check-out machine and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems helps support smooth daily operations of the business. Environmental Factors As Tesco continues to expand its Corporate social responsibility is of a great paramount in order to meet its obligation to its stakeholders through specified regulations and corporate governance. Tesco uses fossil fuel in its transport network and also encourage its customers to make low carbon choices. In 2008, Compassion in World Farming (CIWF) awarded TESCO, the Rotten Egg Award for failing to make any commitment to end sale of eggs from caged hens. In 2004 Graiser and Scott stated that, the government had plans to launch a new strategy of reducing production waste and consumption resource in order to minimise environmental damage. Legal factors: In the current economic situation, many small businesses are not able to enter the market. Under the EU law, if there is an organization with a largest market share dominates. With this problem the quality of products and services will be compromised and thus demanding high prices. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials -Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Factors affecting employee productivity Ways of motivating key workers need to define motivation , talk about extrinsic and intrinsic motivation = total rewards Motivation is one of the earliest concerns of organizational behaviour. It is internal and external forces and influences that drive an individual to achieve certain specific goals. People are motivated when they expect that a course of action is likely to lead to the attainment of a goal a valued reward that satisfies their particular needs. Well motivated people are those with clearly defined goals who take action that they expect will achieve those goals. According to La Motta (1995), motivation is simply the reason individuals have for doing the things they do. In day-to-day society many different things motivate people, and that which motivates one person may not necessarily motivate another. In other words, a motivated person is always aware of the fact that a specific goal must be achieved, and would direct their effort at attaining that goal. Nel et al (2001). According to Locke (1997), motivation is determined by goal directedness, human volition or free will, and perceived needs and desires, sustaining the actions of individuals in relation to themselves and to their environment. THE ELEMENTS OF A TOTAL REWARDS PROGRAMME Armstrong and Mullin (1991) suggest four main areas that should be addressed in a reward management system. These are: Pay structures, which by combining the results of market surveys and job evaluation, define the levels of pay in the organisation; Employee benefits that satisfy the needs of employees for personal security and provide remuneration in forms other than pay which include pensions, insurance cover, sick pay and a number of other perks. Non-financial rewards which satisfy employees needs for variety, challenge, responsibility, influence in decision-making, recognition, training, career development opportunities and high quality leadership. Performance management that provides the basis for continuing as well as formal reviews of performance against targets and standards. A performance management system usually leads to the development of training and development programmes that meet the need for growth and achievement. It also leads to the design of performance-related pay systems that has an impact on bonus and incentive payments. Performance management is a strategic and integrated process that delivers sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of individuals contributors and teams (Michael Armstrong pp391). If a persons skills are not utilized up to the full, they will they will be demotivated. Tesco recently received an award from National Business awards Employer of the year when the judges declared that Tesco was voted employer of the year because its solutions were seen to be more holistic. Tesco recognizes that motivated staffs are committed to their work and hence companys performance will increase. http://www.trainanddevelop.co.uk/view_article.php?ArticleID=78 Tesco has many ways in which they motivate their workers. This has gone a long way to help them improve on their quality of services and their profits for the past years. Tesco motivates its employees through the following way: Staff Training Tesco gives training to staff, to make sure that they are competent and ready for the job. They ensure that their customers have the best services through the staff and management team. This does not only make the employee to be ready to work, it also makes them to be confident and motivated to work. So in being confident and sure of giving out the best to the customers, employees will put in their best in order to satisfy the needs of the customers. Discount for staff purchases: Employees of Tesco are given the opportunity to buy good from their super market at a discount of ten percent. This is an advantage to Tescos employees. This is done so that employees will feel recognized and been treated fairly at the work place. When employees feel that they are being treated fairly and they are happy, they turn to do their work more effectively and efficiently thus achieving the set objectives and goals of the company. Communication: Communication between staff, customers and management has to be good. This is so because it makes the employees to feel happy that their problems and opinion in the organization are important. Tesco makes sure that they have new and more open lines of communication between managers and staff, to avoid conflict and lack of flow of information. Directors and senior managers spend a week on shop floor listening to ideas and suggestions from customers and staff. This makes the employees feel better and secured at the work place. They feel happy that their ideas have got a place in management decision making, and that keeps them highly motivated. Free uniforms: Tesco gives out their uniforms to their workers for free in order for them not to think that they are being exploited or being used. Free or reduced rate health insurance: Tesco provides health insurance for free or at a much reduced rate for its employees. This makes the employees happy and confident in their employer. It indicates that their employer is concerned about their well-being and not just the work. So this makes employees to be happy and it increases efficiency in the work place. Holidays: Tesco recognizes that their employees are human beings and that they need rest as well. They respect the holidays of their employees and make sure that they are Open opportunities: Tesco gives their employees equal opportunities to be promoted when they work hard. So employees are being promoted in the organization when they put in more efforts. This makes them to work hard and feel motivated to work, because they know that after hard work comes promotion and power. By doing this productivity and efficiency and turn over increases. Bonus: Employees are given bonuses when the work hard besides their others discount they having for working at Tesco. When efficiency and productivity increases, turnover increases too. So when this happens, employees are motivated through bonuses. Competitive salaries: Company share options: This is another option that Tesco feels it motivates their key workers most especially their top management employees. The top management employees are given options to become shareholders after long years of services and hard work at Tesco. When employees of top management has reached a certain level of the hierarchical pyramid of the organization in Tesco, the board of directors gives that employee an opportunity to acquire a share and become one of them. Flexibility at work: Discount gym membership: Tesco uses this point as a form of motivation for its employees. When employees work hard, in order to motivate them, they are given a discount so that they can become members at their gym. So this makes them happy and has a sense of belongingness and they feel accepted and recognized by their employer. Appraisal systems and organizational record keeping Appraisal systems Balance scorecard: It is a method which Tesco uses to appraise its employees. It is applied to performance management system and it points out and breakthrough defects in single applications of financial indicators which measures performances of employees. The value of performance management appraisal system based on the introduction of the customers, internal business, processes, employees learning and growth and financial factors. It also controls the management system mechanism, the strategy of application, application limitations and outlook on the future of the business. Leadership: Employees are also appraised through their way of leadership in Tesco. This is done through the nineteen leadership competencies which were identified through their in-depth job analysis of leadership. Any employees regardless of their years of experience in a particular position may be put into the development phase at any time upon their request or when the supervisor suggests. Working in this particular phase, the employees focuses their energy and attention on specific leadership competencies which will help them achieve their objectives and increase turn over. Strategic evaluation: Tescos evaluation systems are performed through effective decomposition of the business strategy. This is so that each employee will clearly establish themselves in the organization under the strategy and their responsibilities; it should be more of how to take actions to ensure the achievements of objectives. So this performance evaluation system is to connect the strategic Organizational Record Keeping: Website resources record keeping: The company keeps most of their information on their website. This website is updated on a daily basis, and information is usually not removed once it is posted there. So it is one of the very safe places where records of the organization are kept for as long as possible. Document storage: Records are also kept in the form of documents that is in hard and soft copies. This documents are considered as important to the organization, then they now keep them for future reference. Document location system: There is a particular system created for storage of document, so that in case this document is needed, they do not have to go through all other documents before getting what they want. They just need to get into the system, then they will get it at once. So this is less time consuming and accurate. Conclusion References Armstrong and Mullin (1991) Child (1988), J. Organization: a Guide to Problems and Practice, 2nd edition, Paul Chapman (1988), p.531 Drucker, P.F. the practice of management, Heinemann Professional (1989), p.223 Finch, (2004) La Motta (1995) Locke (1997) Nel et al (2001) Mannud.L, (1999) Michael Armstrong pp391 Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004) Websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesc